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College Geology Questions

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College Geology
Geology is the study of                                       and this study can be broken into two areas,                                      .
  1. Mars, physical and chemical
  2. the universe, physical and historical
  3. Earth, physical and historical
  4. Earth, physical and chemical
  5. None of the above
College Soil
Which of the following is not true for soil?
  1. has decaying material that supplies nutrients to primary producers in the same ecosystem
  2. pesticide, fertilizers, growth hormones, antibiotics, water, and fossil fuels are relatively quickly removed
  3. a complex system consisting of disintegrated rock, organic matter, water, gases, nutrients, microorganisms
  4. a renewable resource that can be depleted if abused
  5. soil is the foundation for agriculture
College Historical Geology
Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of uniformitarianism?
  1. All rocks are created in a continuous, uninterrupted and gradual sequence.
  2. Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata.
  3. Earth's topography has been shaped by sudden, catastrophic events.
  4. Physical, chemical, and biological processes operate today as they have in the past.
College Soil
Factors involved in soil formation are
  1. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, grazing by herbivores, tropical storms
  2. erosion, leaching
  3. frequent wildfires, wind, temperatures above 100 degrees F
  4. weathering of parent material, freezing/thawing, tree roots
  5. seasonal changes in tides, earthquakes
College Soil
Humus is
  1. artificial fertilizer applied to monocultures
  2. composed or organic matter and is necessary to fertility and holding soil moisture
  3. found in the E layer of a soil horizon
  4. the result of agricultural runoff into waterways or ground water
  5. one of the primary causes of desertification
College Soil
Factors involved in soil formation are
  1. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, grazing by herbivores, tropical storms
  2. erosion, leaching
  3. weathering of parent material, freezing/thawing, tree roots
  4. frequent wildfires, wind, temperatures above 100 degrees F
  5. seasonal changes in tides, earthquakes
College Earth's Layers
The lithosphere is made up of the
  1. Mantle
  2. Crust
  3. Core
  4. Crust and upper mantle
  5. None of the above
College Earth's Layers
When dealing with the density of each layer of Earth, put the layers in order from highest density to lowest density?
  1. core, crust, mantle
  2. mantle, crust, core
  3. crust, core, mantle
  4. core, mantle, crust
  5. none of the above
College Historical Geology
Which of the following CANNOT be demonstrated in fossil records?
  1. The number of total individuals in a species
  2. Origin of a new species
  3. Morphological changes within a species
  4. Extinction of a species
College Rocks
Igneous rocks that crystalize from slowly cooling magma in earth's crust.
(name type and pick two examples)
  1. Intrusive
  2. Extrusive
  3. Granite
  4. Basalt
  5. Gabbro
  6. Rhyolite
  7. Halite
College Earth's Layers
Which of the following elements constitutes the highest percentage of mass in Earth's crust?
  1. Oxygen
  2. Aluminum
  3. Carbon
  4. Potassium
  5. Nitrogen
College Tectonics
What are some key markers of plate boundaries?
  1. a dark line
  2. earthquakes
  3. volcanic activity
  4. both b and c
  5. none of the above
College Historical Geology
Fossil fuels are found in rocks....years old, are a result of ancient organic matter (mostly plants) buried quickly in anaerobic sediments under....and as a result of....
  1. 1.5 billion....heat and pressure....chemical reaction turns the carbon in the plants into coal, crude oil and natural gas
  2. 0.5 billion....oxygen and pressure....chemical reaction turns the carbon in the plants into coal, crude oil and natural gas
  3. 100 to 500 million....heat and pressure....chemical reaction that turns organic carbon into coal, crude oil or natural gas
  4. 3.7 million....temperature and earthquakes....physical reaction turns the carbon in the plants into crude oil and natural gas
  5. 1.1 million....oxygen and pressure....mechanical reaction turns the carbon in the plants into coal, crude oil, and natural gas
College Earth's Layers
Why is the core so much denser than the crust and mantle on Earth?
  1. Large percentage of brick
  2. Large percentage of iron
  3. Large percentage of molten lava
  4. Large percentage of silicon
  5. None of the above
College Geomorphology
A mountain or mountain building event
  1. Fault
  2. Caldera
  3. Orogeny
  4. Rifting
  5. Tumuli
College Tectonics
Most volcanism in the world is associated with
  1. Plate boundaries
  2. Midcontinental hot spots
  3. Faulting
  4. Aquifer Depletion
  5. Desertification
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