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Graduate Anatomy and Physiology Questions

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Graduate Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
Skin is sometimes referred to as the largest organ of the body. Why is skin considered to be an organ and not a tissue or some other structure?
  1. Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.
  2. Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.
  3. Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems
  4. Skin consists of a single cell type.
Graduate Circulatory and Immune Systems
The heart is
  1. a muscle
  2. the size of your fist
  3. able to pump blood throughout your entire body
  4. all of the above
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Why can the gene that produces insulin in a human be inserted into bacteria and produce the same human insulin?
  1. Because humans evolved from bacteria, the gene for insulin is already present in bacteria.
  2. The insulin gene originated in bacteria and was transferred to humans through an infection.
  3. Humans and bacteria have the same proteins.
  4. Bacterial DNA is made up of the same chemical building blocks as human DNA.
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What does the outer ear provide?
  1. Resonance amplification
  2. Directionality cues for sound source location
  3. Interface impedence
  4. A change of mechanical energy into chemical energy
  5. All of the above
  6. A and B
  7. None of the above
Graduate Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy is concerned with
  1. functions
  2. locating problems
  3. naming structures
  4. finding cures
Graduate Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
The first means by which ATP is produced at the onset of contractile activity in a skeletal muscle is                                                                .
  1. Transfer of energy and phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP
  2. Oxidative phosphorylation
  3. Glycolysis
  4. Oxidation of fatty acids
  5. Catabolism of myoglobin
Graduate Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
Which of the following statements regarding whole-muscle contraction is true?
  1. The order of recruitment of motor units in a muscle is such that the last units recruited are the first to experience fatigue
  2. The order of recruitment of motor units in a muscle is such that the first units recruited generate the most tension
  3. Motor units whose motor neurons have small-diameter cell bodies contract first, followed by motor units with larger-diameter motor neurons
  4. Both the order of recruitment of motor units in a muscle is such that the last units recruited are the first to experience fatigue and the order of recruitment of motor units in a muscle is such that the first units recruited generate the most tension are true
  5. Both the order of recruitment of motor units in a muscle is such that the last units recruited are the first to experience fatigue and motor units whose motor neurons have small-diameter cell bodies contract first, followed by motor units with larger-diameter motor neurons are true
Graduate Skin, Skeleton, and Muscles
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of specific muscle fiber types?
  1. Fast glycolytic fibers are the largest diameter fibers.
  2. Slow oxidative fibers are the smallest diameter fibers.
  3. Slow oxidative fibers have a low resistance to fatigue.
  4. Fast glycolytic fibers produce their ATP by glycolysis.
  5. Fast oxidative fibers have a high mitochondrial density.
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Why does yogurt taste sharp?
  1. It has not been aged long enough to mellow.
  2. The taste is from the small amount of alcohol it contains, and alcohol tastes sharp.
  3. The taste is from the large amount of carbon dioxide it contains, and carbon dioxide tastes sharp.
  4. The taste is from the lactic acid it contains, and acids taste sharp.
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Which of these describes otoconia or statoconia?
  1. sit on the gelatinous material of the saccule and utricle
  2. give weight to ease movement of the structures in the gelatinous material
  3. can cause BPPV if displaced
  4. all of the above
  5. none of the above
Graduate Anatomical Organization
An enlargement of the SCC at one end forms a structure called the                .
  1. cupula
  2. common crus
  3. ampulla
  4. loop of henle
  5. crista
Graduate Anatomy and Physiology
THe transverse plane divides the body:
  1. Diagonally, into upper and lower portions
  2. Horizontally, into upper and lower portions
  3. Vertically, into front and back portions
  4. Vertically, into right and left portions
Graduate Circulatory and Immune Systems
What conclusion was inescapable to determine the blood flow to the heart?
  1. the left side of the heart pumped blood through the lungs, the right side pumped blood through the body
  2. it was determined by a number of factors, such as the viscosity of blood and how dilated the blood vessels are
  3. the right side of the heart pumped blood through the lungs, the left side pumped blood through the body
  4. after passing through the afferent arteriole, the filtered blood enters the vasa recta
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The                        regulates movement of CSF from the subarachnoid space to parts of the cochlea.
  1. The Stria Vascularis
  2. The endolymphatic sac
  3. The endolymphatic duct
  4. The cochlear aquaduct
  5. The Eustachian tube
Graduate Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is a neurotransmitter of the afferent pain pathway?
Graduate Circulatory and Immune Systems
How do extracellular bacteria evade the immune system ?
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