Science Cells Anatomy and Phsyiology
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Cells are the basic unit of all living things. They operate as tiny factories to produce the proteins that produce and organism's traits. They also have genetic material inside of them that guides this production. Individual cells can range in size from microscopic to those that can be held in your hand. In multicellular organisms, cells can work together to form tissues and can also differentiate and specialize to have specific functions.
This diagram represents a typical animal cell with the different organelles labeled.
Some of the organelles found within the cell include:
the nucleus (B) - this is the control center of the cell and contains all of the genetic information.
the cytoplasm (H) - this is a jelly-like substance that bathes and protects the organelles. It is found within the cell membrane.
the nucleolus (A) - this structure is found inside of the nucleus and is responsible for the production of ribosomes.
the Golgi apparatus (L) - this stack of flattened sacs is responsible for the transport of materials out of the cell. Things like proteins and waste products are moved by it.
the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) (C) - this structure moves materials around the cell to where they are needed.
the cell membrane (M) - made of lipids, this structure acts as a barrier between the internal and external environments of the cell. It allows certain materials to pass freely though itself, but others need help or are not allowed at all.
This diagram represents a typical animal cell with the different organelles labeled.
Some of the organelles found within the cell include:
the nucleus (B) - this is the control center of the cell and contains all of the genetic information.
the cytoplasm (H) - this is a jelly-like substance that bathes and protects the organelles. It is found within the cell membrane.
the nucleolus (A) - this structure is found inside of the nucleus and is responsible for the production of ribosomes.
the Golgi apparatus (L) - this stack of flattened sacs is responsible for the transport of materials out of the cell. Things like proteins and waste products are moved by it.
the endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) (C) - this structure moves materials around the cell to where they are needed.
the cell membrane (M) - made of lipids, this structure acts as a barrier between the internal and external environments of the cell. It allows certain materials to pass freely though itself, but others need help or are not allowed at all.
A.
Which choice best describes how the author organized the information in this passage?
- problem and solution
- cause and effect
- description and definition
- compare and contrast
B.
The author uses terms such as cell membrane, nucleolus, and cytoplasm. These are all:
- organelles in a cell.
- stages in the life of a cell.
- types of cells.
- shapes of lipids.
C.
The author includes letters in parentheses after certain words. These letters represent:
- the item's importance in the cell's structure
- the first letter of each item's name
- the scientific symbols for the items
- the location of the items on the diagram
D.
Based on the information in the text, which part of the cell is NOT correctly matched with a word or phrase that describes it?
- cell membrane - barrier
- Golgi apparatus - fluffy pillows
- endoplasmic reticulum - materials mover
- nucleus - control center
E.
Based on the information in the passage, what is shown at letter A on the diagram?
- the nucleolus
- the physiology of the cell
- a multicellular organism
- lipids